What is the recommended FiO2 for optimal oxygenation in patients?

The recommended FiO2 for optimal oxygenation in patients, particularly in critical care settings, is based on the need to ensure adequate oxygen delivery without promoting harmful effects from excessive oxygen exposure. Providing an FiO2 of 100% is often necessary in emergency situations or for patients who are severely hypoxic or in shock, as it delivers the maximum concentration of oxygen available to support cellular metabolism.

In conditions such as respiratory distress, trauma, or during certain medical emergencies where oxygen saturation is critically low, administering 100% FiO2 can rapidly improve oxygen levels in the bloodstream, thus enhancing organ perfusion and mitigating hypoxia. However, it is important to monitor the patient closely, as prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can lead to oxygen toxicity, especially in neonates or patients with certain underlying lung conditions.

The focus on a high FiO2 in acute scenarios contrasts with the lower target FiO2 ranges that may be used in less urgent situations or during weaning from mechanical ventilation, where maintaining adequate but not excessive oxygen levels is crucial for patient safety and long-term outcomes.